In 1942 Harry James recorded "I've Heard That Song Before" with Helen Forrest as lead vocalist. In 1959 Neil Sedaka recorded "Oh Carol." In 1964 Country singer Jim Reeves, 41, was killed when his single-engine Beechcraft crashed near Nashville, TN. In 1964 "Dancing In The Street" by Martha & the Vandellas was released. In 1965 "It's The Same Old Song" by the Four Tops and "The In Crowd" by Ramsey Lewis entered the U.S. Top 40 chart. In 1966 The first Cream concert was held in Windsor, England. In 1967 Mick Jagger & Keith Richards were released after a month in jail on drug convictions. In 1970 The Rolling Stones fulfilled their contract with Decca for one more album deliver, "Cocksucker Blues." In 1971 The Rolling Stones' documentary "Gimme Shelter" made its UK premiere at the Rialto Cinema in London. In 1971 "Do You Know What I Mean" by Lee Michaels entered the U.S. Top 40 chart. In 197

In 1498 Christopher Columbus discovered the island of Trinidad. In 1556 St. Ignatius of Loyola, founder of the Society of Jesus (the Jesuit order of Catholic priests and brothers), dies in Rome. In 1776 Francis Salvador was the first Jew to die in the American Revolution. In 1777 Marquis de Lafayette, a 19-year-old French nobleman was made a major-general of the Continental Army. Lafayette later played a role in the British defeat at Yorktown. In 1790 The first U.S. patent was granted to Samuel Hopkins for a potash process. In 1875 Andrew Johnson, the 17 U.S. president, died in Tennessee at age 66. In 1919 Germany's Weimar Constitution was adopted. In 1945 Pierre Laval, premier of the pro-Nazi Vichy government, surrendered to U.S. authorities in Austria; he was turned over to France, which later tried and executed him. In1948In 1948, President Truman dedicated New York International Airport at Idlewild Field, New York. (Later renamed JFK International) In 1953 Senator Robert A. Taf

In 1763 Legal scholar, James Kent In 1800 German chemist Friedrich Wohler (co-discovered Vanadium) In 1803 Engineer John Ericsson (built USS Monitor) In 1822 Industrialist Abram Hewitt (made the first steel in the U.S.) In 1867 Merchant, Sebastian S. Kresge (S.S. Kresge Co.) In 1882 Physicist/inventor Herbert E. Ives (transmission of pictures) In 1889 Actor, Donald Foster (Herbert Johnson-Hazel) In 1894 Pianist/bandleader Roy Bargy (Jimmy Durante) In 1900 Pollster, Elmo Roper (Roper Poll) [d: 4-30-71] In 1901 French painter Jean Debuffet (Landscape with 2 Personages) [d: 5-12-85] In 1904 Sportswriter, Arthur Daley (NY Times-Pulitzer 1956) [d: 1-3-74] In 1912 Economist, Milton Friedman (Nobel, 1976) [d: 11-16-06] In 1912 TV talk show host Irv Kupcinet (Tonight! America After Dark) [d: 11-10-03] In 1913 TV producer Bill Todman (game shows with Mark Goodman) [d: 7-29-79] In 1919 Sportscaster, Curt Gowdy (ABC, NBC) [d: 2-20-06] In 1921 Civil rights leader Whitney Young, Jr. [d: 3-11-71] In

In 1956 Billboard magazine called Elvis Presley "the most controversial entertainer since Liberace." In 1958 "Hard Headed Woman" by Elvis Presley hit #1 on the U.S. Top 40 chart and stayed there for two weeks. In 1962 Chubby Checker performed "Dancin' Party" on "American Bandstand." In 1971 Carole King's album "Tapestry" and single "It's Too Late" were certified gold. In 1972 Elvis Presley appeared on the cover of Rolling Stone magazine. In 1972 Rod Stewart's album "Never a Dull Moment" was released. In 1973 "Bad, Bad Leroy Brown" by Jim Croce hit #1 on the U.S. Top 40 chart and stayed there for two weeks. In 1975 "Wildfire" by Michael Murphey was certified gold. In 1977 Linda Ronstadt joined the Rolling Stones onstage in Tucson, Arizona. She and Mick sang "Tumblin' Dice." 1979 Genesis' first album in over two years, "Duke," was certified gold. In 1979 &

In 1831 Belgium gained independence from the Netherlands, and Leopold I was proclaimed king. In 1861 The First Battle of Bull Run was fought at Manassas, Virginia, resulting in a Confederate victory. In 1873 Jesse James pulled off the world's first train robbery. In 1925 The so-called "monkey trial" ended in Dayton, TN, with John T. Scopes found guilty of violating state law for teaching Darwin's Theory of Evolution. (The conviction was later overturned.) In 1940 The Soviet Union annexed Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. In 1944 U.S. forces landed in Guam during World War II. In 1944 The Democratic National Convention meeting in Chicago nominated Senator Harry S. Truman as vice president. In 1949 The U.S. Senate ratified the North Atlantic Treaty by a vote of 82 to 13. In 1954 France agreed to give independence to North and South Vietnam. In 1955 During the Geneva Summit, President Eisenhower presented his "open skies" proposal under which the U.S. and the Sov

In 1620 French astronomer, Jean Picard In 1816 Businessman, Paul Julius Baron von Reuter (founded Reuters News) In 1863 Actor/singer Sir C. Aubrey Smith (Prisoner of Zenda) In 1864 Frances Folsom Cleveland, wife of President Grover Cleveland In 1881 Baseball Hall-of-Famer, John "Johnny" Evers (Cubs) In 1898 Country singer Sara Dougherty Carter (The Carter Family) In 1899 American poet Hart Crane (The Bridge) In 1899 American writer Ernest Hemingway (Farewell to Arms) In 1905 Author/critic Diana Trilling [d: 10-23-96] In 1911 Writer, Marshall McLuhan (The Medium is the Massage) [d: 12-31-80] In 1920 Violinist, Isaac Stern (Fiddler on the Roof soundtrack) [d: 9-22-01] In 1921 Bandleader/pianist Billy Taylor (David Frost Show) [d: 12-28-10] In 1922 American singer Kay Starr (Rock & Roll Waltz, Club Oasis) [d: 11-3-16] In 1924 Actor, Don Knotts (Andy Griffith Show, Ghost & Mr. Chicken) [d: 2-24-06] In 1926 Director, Norman Jewison (Moonstruck, And Justice For All) (97) In

 

In 1940 "I'll Never Smile Again" by Tommy Dorsey and Frank Sinatra entered the U.S. charts. In 1954 Elvis Presley gave his first public performance, playing on a flatbed truck parked outside a drug store in Memphis. In 1963 "Surf City" by Jan & Dean hit #1 on the U.S. Top 40 chart and stayed there for 2 weeks. In 1964 The Beatles' album "Something New," containing the singles "And I Love Her" and "Slow Down," was released in the U.S. In 1965 Lovin' Spoonful's first single, "Do You Believe in Magic," was released. In 1967 Paul McCartney attended a recording session at Chappel Studios as Chris Barber recorded the first commercially released version of one of his earliest songwriting efforts, "Catcall." In 1968 Jane Asher announced on the BBC "Dee Time" that Paul McCartney had broken off their engagement. McCartney, who was watching the program, was said to have been taken by surprise. In 1

 

In 1519 Religious leader Pope Innocent IX (1591) In 1661 Explorer, Pierre Le Moyne (founded Louisiana Territory-1703) In 1804 English scientist Sir Richard Owen (created the word "Dinosaur") In 1864 Swedish poet, Erik Karlfeldt In 1890 Actress, Theda Bara (Cleopatra) In 1890 Actress, Verna Felton (December Bride, Pete & Gladys) In 1901 Baseball Hall-of-Famer, Henry "Heinie" Manush [d: 5-12-70] In 1912 Actress, Muriel Evans [d: 10-26-00] In 1919 Explorer, Sir Edmund Hillary (the first to scale Mount Everest) [d: 1-11-08] In 1919 Actress, K.T. Stevens (Vanessa-Young & the Restless) [d: 6-13-94] In 1920 U.S. attorney general Elliot Lee Richardson (1973) [d: 12-31-99] In 1922 Saxophonist Ernie Wilkins [d: 6-5-99] In 1924 U.S. novelist Thomas Berger (Vital Parts, Little Big Man) [d: 7-13-14] In 1925 Actress, Lola Albright (Delta Country, Kid Galahad, Peter Gunn) [d: 3-23-17] In 1929 Businessman, Mike Ilitch (founded Little Caesar's Pizza) [d: 2-10-17] In 1930

In 1913 Billboard published its earliest known top ten chart entitled "Last Week's 10 Best Sellers Among Popular Songs." "Wedding Day" by Malinda was #1. In 1949 Harry Belafonte began recording "They Didn't Believe Me" and "Close Your Eyes." In 1954 Sun Records released Elvis Presley's first single, "That's All Right Mama." In 1960 Brian Hyland performed "Itsy Bitsy Teenie Weenie Yellow Polkadot Bikini" on ABC-TV's "American Bandstand." In1965, The Beatles' single "Help!" b/w "I'm Down" was released in the U.S. In 1965 "(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction" by the Rolling Stones went gold. In 1966 Frank Sinatra, 50, married actress Mia Farrow, 21. In 1966 Johnny Rivers began recording "Poor Side Of Town." In1968In 1968, "This Guy's In Love With You" by Herb Alpert & The Tijuana Brass was certified gold. In 1969 The Spencer Davis Group

In 1553 15-year-old Lady Jane Grey was deposed as Queen of England after claiming the crown for 9 days. King Henry VIII's daughter Mary was proclaimed Queen. In 1848 The first Women's Rights Convention was held in Seneca Falls, NY. In 1870 The Franco-Prussian war began. In 1877 The first Wimbledon tennis championship was held. In 1918 During World War I, German armies began a retreat across the Marne River in France following the failure of their last big offensive on French soil. In 1935 The first parking meters were installed, in Oklahoma City, OK. In1941In 1941 British Prime Minister Winston Churchill launched his "V for Victory" campaign in Europe. In 1943 Allied air forces raided Rome during World War II. In 1952 A series of UFO sightings were reported above the White House. In 1957 The first rocket with a nuclear warhead was fired at Yucca Flat, NV. In 1961 TWA showed the first in-flight movie. In 1963 Joe Walker reached 105 km in an X-15. In 1969 Apollo XI and

In 1802 Inventor, Thomas Davenport (commercial electric motor) In 1814 Inventor, Samuel Colt (Colt Revolver) In 1817 Nurse, Mary Ann Bickerdyke (chief of nursing for General Grant) In 1834 French painter/sculptor Hilaire G.E. "Edgar" Degas In 1846 American spectroscopist, Charles Edward Pickering In 1860 Accused murderer, Lizzie Borden In 1865 Surgeon, Charles Horace Mayo (co-founder of Mayo Clinic) In 1883 Animator, Max Fleischer (Superman, Popeye, created Betty Boop) In 1893 Russian poet/playwright, Vladimir Mayakovsky In 1896 Author/physician, A.J. Cronin In 1904 Baseball player Mark A. Koenig (Yankees) [d: 4-22-93] In 1908 Actress/dancer, Lili Damita [d: 3-21-94] In 1916 Baseball player, Phil Cavaretta (NL MVP 1945) [d: 12-18-10] In 1920 Physicist, Gordon Gould (coined the word "laser") [d: 9-16-05] In 1922 Senator George McGovern (1972 presidential candidate) [d: 10-21-12] In 1924 Actor, Pat Hingle (Norma Rae, Commissioner Gordon-Batman) [d: 1-3-09] In 1926 Act

 

In 1932 Louis Armstrong played the London Palladium for the first time. In 1939 Bandleader Erskine Hawkins first recorded "Tuxedo Junction." In 1942 "Jingle Jangle Jingle" by Kay Kyser was #1 on the charts. In 1953 Elvis Presley recorded "My Happiness" as a gift for his mother. The so-called vanity disc was his first recording. In 1960 "It's Now Or Never" by Elvis Presley and "Walk Don't Run" by the Ventures entered the U.S. Top 40 chart. In 1960 "I'm Sorry" by Brenda Lee hit #1 on the U.S. Top 40 chart and stayed there for 3 weeks. In1964In 1964, "A Hard Day's Night" by the Beatles enters the U.S. Top 40 chart. In 1964 "Rag Doll" by The Four Seasons hit #1 on the U.S. Top 40 chart and stayed there for 2 weeks. In 1966 Bobby Fuller ("I Fought The Law") was found dead in his car in Los Angeles. No conclusive cause of death was ever established. In 1968 "Grazin' in the Grass

In 64, The Great Fire of Rome begins and lasts several days. In 1536 The Pope's authority was declared void in England. In 1792 American naval hero John Paul Jones died in Paris at age 45. In 1872 Britain introduced secret ballot voting. In 1918 During World War I, American and French forces launched a counter-offensive against the Germans between the Aisne and Marne Rivers in France. In 1927 Ty Cobb hit safely for the 4,000th time in his career. In 1931 The first air-conditioned ship, "Mariposa," was launched. In 1932 U.S. and Canada signed a treaty to develop St. Lawrence Seaway. In 1936 The Spanish Civil War began as General Francisco Franco led an uprising of army troops based in Spanish North Africa against a socialist coalition government in Madrid. In 1938 Douglas "Wrong Way" Corrigan arrived in Ireland after he left New York for California. In 1940 The Democratic National Convention nominated President Franklin D. Roosevelt for an unprecedented third ter

In 1720 British naturalist, Gilbert White In 1811 Novelist, William Makepeace Thackeray (Vanity Fair) In 1890 U.S. Secretary of Defense Charles E. Wilson (1953-57) In 1894 Actor, Richard Dix (The Ten Commandments, Cimarron) In 1903 Actor, Chill Wills (voice of Francis The Talking Mule) [d: 12-15-78] In 1906 Dramatist/playwright Clifford Odets [d: 8-15-63] In 1908 Actress, Lupe Velez (Redhead From Manhattan, Nana) [d: 12-14-44] In 1909 Soviet diplomat, Andrei Gromyko [d: 7-2-89] In 1909 Actress, Harriet Hilliard Nelson (Ozzie & Harriet) [d: 10-02-94] In 1911 Actor, Hume Cronyn (World According to Garp, Cocoon) [d: 6-15-03] In 1913 Actor, Marvin Miller (Space Patrol, Millionaire) [d: 2-8-85] In 1913 Comedian/actor Red Skelton (Red Skelton Show) [d: 9-17-97] In 1914 U.S. runner Mack Robinson (Olympic-Silver-1932) [d: 3-12-00] In 1917 Actress, Pamela Brown (Alice in Wonderland, Dracula) [d: 9-18-75] In 1918 South African President Nelson Mandela [d: 12-5-13] In 1920 Actor, Dolph Sweet

 

In 1958 "Fever" by Peggy Lee and "If Dreams Came True" by Pat Boone entered the U.S. Top 40 chart. In 1962 "Roses Are Red (My Love)" by Bobby Vinton hit #1 on the U.S. Top 40 chart and stayed there for 4 weeks. In 1965 Herman's Hermits appeared on TV's "Where The Action Is." In 1966 "Paperback Writer" by the Beatles was certified gold. In 1967 The Who began their first U.S. tour opening for Herman's Hermits. In 1967 "Windy" by the Association and "Pleasant Valley Sunday" by the Monkees were certified gold. In 1969 Bob Dylan made a surprise appearance with the Band at the Mississippi River Rock Festival. In 1970 "Mama Told Me (Not To Come)" by Three Dog Night was certified gold. In 1972 Mick Jagger appeared on the cover of Life magazine. In 1973, Byrd's guitarist Clarence White was struck and killed by a car. In 1973 The Everly Brothers decided to call it quits. Don Everly announced his decis

In 1789 During the French Revolution, citizens of Paris stormed the Bastille prison and released the seven prisoners inside. In 1798 Congress passed the Sedition Act, making it a federal crime to publish false, scandalous, or malicious writing about the U.S. government. In 1850 The first public demonstration of ice was made by refrigeration. In 1853 Commodore Matthew Perry relayed a letter from former President Fillmore requesting trade relations with Japanese officials. In 1881 William Bonney Jr., alias Billy the Kid, was reportedly shot and killed by Sheriff Pat Garrett in Fort Sumner, New Mexico. In 1921 Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti were convicted in Dedham, MA, in the killing of a shoe company paymaster and his guard. (Sacco and Vanzetti were executed six years later.) In 1933 All German political parties, except the Nazi Party, were outlawed. In 1950 R.E. Wayne was awarded the first Distinguished Flying Cross. In 1951 Citation became the first horse to win $1,000,000 in ra

In 1486 Italian painter, Andrea del Sarto In 1868 Austrian scientist/immunologist, Karl Landsteiner In 1869 Novelist, Owen Wister (The Virginian) In 1893 Actor, Spencer Williams (Andy Brown-Amos 'n Andy) In 1894 Animator, Dave Fleischer (Superman cartoons) In 1898 Baseball Hall-of-Famer, Albert B. "Happy" Chandler In 1901 Actor, George Tobias (Abner Kravitz-Bewitched) [d: 2-27-80] In 1903 Actor/comedian Ken Murray (Son of Flubber) [d: 10-12-88] In 1903 Author, Irving Stone (Love is Eternal, Lust for Life) [d: 8-26-89] In 1904 Polish novelist Isaac Bashevis Singer [d: 7-24-91] In 1907 Baseball player John J. "Johnny" Murphy (Yankees) [d: 1-14-70] In 1910 Animator, William Hanna (Hanna-Barbera) [d: 3-22-01] In 1911 Actor, Terry Thomas (It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World) [d: 1-8-90] In 1912 Folk singer Woody Guthrie (This Land is Your Land) [d: 10-3-67] In 1913 Gerald R. Ford, 38th U.S. president (1974-77) [d: 12-26-06] In 1914 Cartoonist, Joe Shuster (Superman c

In 1939 Frank Sinatra made his recording debut with the Harry James band singing "Melancholy Mood" and "From The Bottom of My Heart." In 1951 Les Baxter's single "Because Of You" was released. In 1959 "Dedicated To The One I Love" by the Shirelles entered the U.S. Top 40 chart. In 1959 "Lonely Boy" by Paul Anka hit #1 on the U.S. Top 40 charts and stayed there for 4 weeks. In 1964 The Supremes recorded "Come See About Me." In1967In 1967, Herman's Hermits begin an 8-week North American tour in Calgary, AB, with support from the Who and Blues Magoos. In 1968 "Born To Be Wild" by Steppenwolf and "You Keep Me Hangin' On" by Vanilla Fudge entered the U.S. Top 40 chart. In 1971 David Cassidy had his gallbladder removed at Mount Sinai Hospital in Los Angeles. In 1973 The Everly Brothers broke up when Phil, angered at brother Don's performance, smashed his guitar and walked offstage. They reunite 11

In 1787 Congress established the Northwest Territory. In 1793 French revolutionary writer Jean-Paul Marat is murdered in his bath by Charlotte Corday. In 1863 Rioting against the Civil War military draft erupted in New York City; the violence resulted in about 1,000 deaths over 3 days. In 1865 Horace Greeley advised his readers to "Go West." In 1878 The Treaty of Berlin amended the terms of the Treaty of San Stefano, which ended the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78. In 1919 The first lighter-than-air transatlantic flight was completed. In 1960 Massachusetts Senator John F. Kennedy won the Democratic presidential nomination at his party's convention in Los Angeles. In 1967 5 days of race-related riots began in Newark, NJ, killing 27. In 1972 George McGovern was nominated for president on the first ballot at the Democratic National Convention in Miami, Florida. In 1974 The Senate Watergate Committee proposed sweeping reforms in campaign procedures to prevent another Watergate s

In 1821 Confederate calvary commander, Nathan Bedford Forrest In 1886 Religious leader Father Edward Joseph Flanagan (founded Boys Town) In 1890 Baseball Hall-of-Famer, Stanley Coveleski (Indians 1912-24) In 1895 Actor, Sidney Alderman Blackmer (who played Teddy Roosevelt in films) In 1901 Boxer, Mickey "Toy Bulldog" Walker [d: 4-28-81] In 1903 Author/historian Sir Kenneth MacKenzie Clark [d: 5-21-83] In 1913 TV host Dave Garroway (Today Show 1951-61) [d: 7-1-82] In 1914 Auto racer Sam Hanks [d: 6-27-94] In 1921 Composer, Ernest Gold (It's A Mad Mad Mad Mad World) [d: 3-17-99] In 1921 Publisher, Charles Jr. Scribner (Hemingway's editor) [d: 11-11-95] In 1922 Actress, Lois Kibbee (Geraldine-Edge of Night) [d: 10-18-93] In 1923 Actress, Susie Bond (Flo, Temperature Rising) [d: 11-10-84] In 1928 Actor, Bob Crane (Colonel Hogan-Hogan's Heros) [d: 5-29-78] In 1931 Actor, Bill Moor (Hanky Panky) [d: 11-27-07] In 1931 Basketball Hall-of-Famer, Frank Ramsey (Celtics) [d:

 

In 2014 Tommy Ramone, the last surviving member of the Ramones, died at age 62. In 1954 Sam Phillips, owner of Sun Records in Memphis, signed 19-year-old truck driver Elvis Presley to a recording contract. In 1957 Frankie Lymon, the Everly Brothers, and Connie Francis appeared on Alan Freed's first "Friday Night Rock 'n Roll" show on ABC-TV. In 1962 The Rolling Stones played their first gig at London's Marquee Club. In 1964 Clips of the Beatles' film "A Hard Day's Night" was broadcast on CBS-TV's "Ed Sullivan Show." In 1968 Monkees singer Mickey Dolenz married Samantha Juste in Los Angeles. In 1969 Blind Faith made their U.S. performing debut with a show at Madison Square Garden. In 1969 Elvis Presley appeared on the cover of Rolling Stone magazine. In 1969 "Laughing" by the Guess Who and "Lay Lady Lay" by Bob Dylan entered the U.S. Top 40 chart. In 1969 "In The Year 2525" by Zager & Evans hit #1 on

In 1543 England's King Henry VIII married his sixth and last wife, Catherine Parr, who outlived him. In 1690 Protestant forces led by William of Orange defeated the Roman Catholic Army of James II at the Battle of the Boyne, a victory establishing Protestant domination in Northern Ireland. InInIn 1812 U.S. forces led by General Hull invaded Canada during the War of 1812 against Britain. (Hull retreated shortly after that to Detroit.) In 1862 Congress created the Medal of Honor, awarding it to Union soldiers who had captured a Confederate railroad train. In 1933 Congress passed the first minimum wage law (40 cents per hour). In 1933 The Screen Actors Guild held their first meeting. In 1951 After a 10-inch rainfall, Kansas City suffered significant floods. In 1957 Dwight D. Eisenhower was the first president to fly in a helicopter during the first nuclear attack simulation. In 1960 Echo I, the first passive satellite, was launched. In 1960 The Soviet Union's Sputnik 5 was launche

In 100 BC - Roman Emperor Julius Ceasar In 1590 Religious leader Pope Clement X (1670-76) In 1730 English pottery designer Josiah Wedgewood In 1817 Naturalist/author Henry David Thoreau ("Hermit of Walden") In 1849 Canadian physician/author Sir William Osler (circulatory system) In 1854 Inventor, George Eastman (Kodak camera, rolled film) In 1861 Educator/scientist George Washington Carver (studied the peanut) In 1884 Italian painter/sculptor, Amedeo Modigliani In 1895 Norweigan opera soprano, Kirsten Flagstad In 1895 Architect, R. Buckminister Fuller (Geodesic dome) In 1895 Lyrcist, Oscar Hammerstein II (Rodgers & Hammerstein) In 1901 Actor, Allyn Joslyn (George-Eve Arden Show) [d: 1-21-81] In 1902 Author, Elizabeth Julesberg (Dick Jane & Spot) [d: 2-19-85] In 1904 Chilean poet, Pablo Neruda (Residence on Earth) [d: 9-23-73] In 1908 Actor/comedian Milton Berle (Mr. Television) [d: 3-27-02] In 1908 Golf Hall-Of-Famer, Paul Runyan [d: 3-17-02] In 1909 Actor/comedian &q

 

  F-16C Fighting Falcons from the 457th Expeditionary Fighter Squadron refuel from a KC-135 from the 912th Expeditionary Air Refueling Squadron, and participate in a formation flight with Royal Saudi Air Force F-15s over U.S. Central Command's area of responsibility  

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In 1533 Pope Clement VII excommunicated England's King Henry VIII. In 1798 The U.S. Marine Corps was created by an act of Congress. In 1804 Vice-president Aaron Burr mortally wounded former Treasury Secretary Alexandar Hamilton in a pistol duel near Weehawken, New Jersey. In 1864 General Jubal Early's Confederate troops began the invasion of Washington, DC, but turned back the next day. In 1921 Mongolia gained its independence from China. InInIn 1934 President Franklin D. Roosevelt became the first president to travel through the Panama Canal while in office aboard the Cruiser Houston. In 1952 The Republican National Convention, meeting in Chicago, nominated Dwight D. Eisenhower for president and Richard M. Nixon for vice president. In 1955 The new U.S. Air Force Academy was dedicated at Lowry Air Base in Colorado. In 1962 Cosmonaut Micolaev set a longevity space flight record of 4 days. In 1974 The World Football League played its first games. In 1977 The Medal of Freedom was